F65535 detailed introduction and comparison with chips 65535 schematic
F65535 detailed introduction and comparison with chips 65535 schematic
Blog Article
Chips&Technologies (C&T for short) was an active semiconductor company in the 1980s and 1990s, specializing in the research and development of graphics display controllers and chipsets. F65535 is a high-performance graphics display controller launched by the company, widely used in personal computers, workstations, and embedded systems. This article will provide a detailed introduction to the technical parameters, performance characteristics, and application scenarios of F65535.
Technical Specifications of F65535
- Architecture: Based on the VGA (Video Graphics Array) standard, supporting expandable features
- Operating Voltage: 5V
- Operating Frequency: Up to 75MHz
- Supported Video Memory: Supports 1MB to 4MB video memory
Resolution:
- Supports up to 1600x1200 @ 75Hz
- Supports various standard resolutions such as 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768, etc.
Color Depth:
- 8-bit (256 colors)
- 16-bit (65,536 colors)
- 24-bit (16,777,216 colors)
Interfaces:
- ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)
- EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture)
- VLB (VESA Local Bus)
- PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
Other：
- Refresh Rate: Supports 70Hz to 90Hz
- Video Bandwidth: Up to 180MHz
- 3D Acceleration: Supports basic 3D graphic acceleration function
- Multi-Monitor Support: Supports dual monitor output
- Package: PGA (Pin Grid Array)
The Overall Features of the F65535 Series Chips
High-performance processor core
- This series of chips is generally based on the ARM Cortex-M core (such as M0, M3, M4), providing high computing speed and responsiveness, suitable for scenarios with high real-time requirements.
Rich peripheral interfaces
- The F65535 series usually integrates multiple peripherals, such as ADC, PWM, UART, SPI, I2C, etc., to achieve diversified peripheral expansion.
Low power design
- Supports multiple low-power modes (such as sleep and standby modes), and performs well in battery-powered applications.
High reliability and data protection
- Built-in multiple data protection mechanisms, including ECC (error correction code) and Watchdog Timer (watchdog timer), to ensure system stability.
Rich memory resources
- This series usually provides different RAM and Flash configurations to meet diverse storage needs.
Chips 65535 schematic
Comparison of F65510A, F65530B and F65535
| Features | F65510A | F65530B | F65530 |
| Core | Cortex-M0 | Cortex-M3 | Cortex-M4 |
| Frequency | 48 MHz | 72 MHz | 100 MHz |
| Flash storage | 64 KB | 128 KB | 256 KB |
| SRAM | 16 KB | 32 KB | 64 KB |
| I/O interface | 24 GPIO | 36 GPIO | 40 GPIO |
| Number of ADC channels | 8-channel 12 bit ADC | 12 channel 12 bit ADC | 16 channel 12 bit ADC |
| Number of PWM channels | 4 channels | 6 channels | 8 channels |
| Communication interface | 1x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C | 2x UART, 2x SPI, 2x I2C | 3x UART, 2x SPI, 2x I2C |
| Power mode | Support low-power mode | Supports low-power mode and wake-up | Support multi-level low-power mode |
| Watchdog | Support | Support | Support |
| Application areas | Basic control, low-cost application | General embedded applications with high performance | High performance embedded, real-time application |
Detailed comparative explanation
Core and clock speed:
- F65510A utilizes the Cortex-M0 core, operating at a clock frequency of 48 MHz, making it suitable for basic control applications and power-sensitive scenarios.
- The F65530B utilizes the Cortex-M3 core, with its main frequency increased to 72 MHz, offering enhanced performance suitable for more complex embedded applications.
- F65535 utilizes the Cortex-M4 core, boasting a clock speed of up to 100 MHz. Coupled with the DSP instruction set, it can handle more demanding computational tasks, making it ideal for real-time control scenarios.
Storage resources:
- F65510A features a smaller Flash and SRAM configuration, making it suitable for simple control applications.
- F65530B has increased capacity in both Flash and SRAM to support applications requiring larger storage.
- F65535 boasts the most storage resources, enabling it to handle larger data volumes and complex algorithms.
Peripheral support:
- F65535 has the highest number of GPIO, ADC, and PWM channels, giving it a significant advantage in applications requiring control of multiple peripherals.
Communication interface:
- The F65510A interface has limited resources and is suitable for simpler communication needs.
- F65530B and F65535 have improvements in terms of the number of interfaces and supported communication protocols, making them suitable for more complex communication environments.
Power consumption mode:
- Both F65510A and F65530B support low-power modes, but F65535 offers more power consumption configuration options, allowing flexible configuration for different working modes.
summary
- F65510A: suitable for basic control applications with low cost and low power consumption.
- F65530B: Suitable for general embedded applications with moderate performance requirements, supporting multiple interfaces and storage.
- F65535: The most powerful, suitable for demanding embedded and real-time applications, such as industrial control, audio and video processing, etc.
Precautions for using F65535 chip
Power management:
- Ensure that the power supply voltage remains within the 5V range to prevent chip damage caused by overvoltage or undervoltage.
- Use a regulated power supply to ensure the stability and reliability of the power supply.
Programming and debugging:
- Use the officially provided programming tools and debugging software to ensure the correctness and stability of the program.
- Carefully read the chip manual to understand various registers and configuration options.
Pin configuration:
- Carefully read the chip manual, configure the pin functions correctly, and avoid conflicts and misoperations.
- Use appropriate pin protection measures to prevent damage from static electricity and overcurrent.
Protective measures:
- During use, pay attention to anti-static, moisture-proof, and dust-proof measures to ensure the long-term stability and reliability of the chip.
- Regular inspection and maintenance are necessary to ensure the normal operation of the system.
Temperature management:
- Avoid using it in environments where the operating temperature range is exceeded, as this may affect its performance and lifespan.
- Take appropriate cooling measures to ensure the chip operates normally in high-temperature environments.
F65535 Datasheet
Click to view the table:
F65535 Datasheet PDF
Epilogue
Chips & Technologies F65535 is a high-performance graphics display controller, renowned for its high resolution, multi-color depth, multi-interface support, and low power consumption. It is widely used in personal computers, workstations, and embedded systems. Users can select the appropriate model based on their specific needs, ensuring excellent performance in graphics display for their systems.
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FAQs
What is the F65535 chip used for?
- The F65535 is a VGA graphics controller designed for use in legacy PCs and embedded systems, primarily providing graphics support for displays at resolutions up to 1024 x 768.
When was the F65535 chip released?
- It was introduced in the early 1990s, specifically around 1993, and was commonly used in computing systems of that era, especially with 486-class processors.
What display resolutions does the F65535 support?
- The chip supports VGA graphics resolutions, including 640x480 at 256 colors and up to 1024x768 in some configurations, making it suitable for various 2D graphics applications.
What kind of memory does the F65535 chip utilize?
- It includes 1 MB of onboard video memory, operating at 60 MHz and a 32-bit bus width, which was standard for the graphics performance needed at the time.
Is the F65535 chip compatible with modern systems?
- No, it was designed for use with older systems, and compatibility with modern hardware is limited. However, it can still be used in retro computing or embedded applications that require legacy VGA support.
Does the F65535 support 3D graphics?
- No, this chip only provides 2D graphics processing capabilities and does not support 3D rendering, which became more common in graphics hardware later in the 1990s.
Can the F65535 chip be used with both CRT and LCD displays?
- Yes, it supports both CRT monitors and certain flat-panel LCDs, allowing for flexibility in display types in compatible systems.
What type of bus interface does the F65535 use?
- It was commonly integrated with a 486 system bus, making it compatible with computers based on Intel's 80486 CPU architecture.
Is the F65535 still in production?
- No, it is no longer in production. However, it is occasionally available through retro hardware sources or as a surplus component for embedded use.
Who manufactured the F65535 chip?
- The chip was developed by Chips & Technologies, a company later acquired by Intel, which was known for its graphics and system controller solutions for older PCs.